Spring Boot应用

Spring Boot应用

1、Restful风格简介

1.1 概念

一种软件架构风格、设计风格,而不是标准,只是提供了一组设计原则和约束条件。它主要用于客户端和服务器交互类的软件。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁更有层次更易于实现缓存等机制。

1.2 URL定义

可以通过 GET、 POST、 PUT、 PATCH、 DELETE 等方式对服务端的资源进行操作。其中,GET 用于查询资源,POST 用于创建资源,PUT 用于更新服务端的资源的全部信息,PATCH 用于更新服务端的资源的部分信息,DELETE 用于删除服务端的资源。

1.3 API设计风格基本规则

  • 使用名词而不是动词
    • /getAllUsers
    • /updateUser
    • /deleteUser/001
  • 使用子资源表达关系(如果一个资源与另外一个资源有关系,使用子资源)
    • 返回所有用户GET:/getUser/
    • 返回001用户GET: /getUser/001

总而言之restful是一种旧技术新风格

2、RestfulCRUD

2.1 默认访问首页

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@Configuration
public class SpringMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}

2.2 国际化

  • 编写国际化配置文件;
  • 使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
  • 在页面使用fmt:message(JSP)取出国际化内容

Spring Boot都自动配置好了,唯一要做的就是编写国际化配置文件了

步骤

  • 编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息

globalization

  • SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

Ctrl+N搜索MessageSourceAutoConfiguration类,查看源码

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@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(
value = {MessageSource.class},
search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT
)
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)
@Conditional({MessageSourceAutoConfiguration.ResourceBundleCondition.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.messages"
)
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
private static final Resource[] NO_RESOURCES = new Resource[0];
private String basename = "messages"; //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties
...
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
// 设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
messageSource.setBasenames(
StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)
)
);
}

if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}

messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
}
  • 去页面获取国际化的值;

Thymeleaf官方文档查看message

主配置文件:

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#设置国际化资源路径
spring.messages.basename=i18n/login
#设置国际化编码格式
spring.messages.encoding=UTF-8

HTML文件:

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<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}"
src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username"
th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password"
th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.rememberme}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.signin}">
Sign in
</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>

效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;

原理:国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

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@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(
prefix = "spring.mvc",
name = {"locale"}
)
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() ==
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {

return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
} else {
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
}

默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

  • 点击链接切换国际化

自定义组件MyLocaleResolver

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/**
* 可以在连接上携带区域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {

@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
String l = httpServletRequest.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
// 是否携带语言信息
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}

@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
Locale locale) {

}
}

然后个组件添加进容器,在配置文件SpringMVCConfig类文件中:

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// 区域信息解析器组件
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}

2.3 登录

开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

  • 禁用模板引擎的缓存
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# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
  • 页面修改完成以后ctrl+F9:重新编译;

  • 登陆错误消息的显示

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<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

2.4 拦截器进行登陆检查

拦截器组件类:

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/**
* 登陆检查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

//目标方法执行之前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
Object o) throws Exception {

Object user = httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登陆,返回登陆页面
httpServletRequest.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(
httpServletRequest,
httpServletResponse
);

return false;
}else{
//已登陆,放行请求
return true;
}
}

@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
Object o,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

}

@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

}
}

注册拦截器

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//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
...
// 注册拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// super.addInterceptors(registry);
// "/**"表示任意多层路径下的任意请求
// 静态资源; *.css , *.js
// SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html", "/", "/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}

3、CRUD-员工列表

3.1 RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;

URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) RestfulCRUD
查询 getEmp emp—-GET
添加 addEmp?xxx emp—-POST
修改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{id}—-PUT
删除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}—-DELETE

3.2 thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

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1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名

3、默认效果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三种引入公共片段的th属性:

th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中

th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段

th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

页面示例:

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<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

其他页面使用方式:

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<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>

<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>

<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

效果:

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<div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

3.3 引入片段的时候传入参数:

父页面:

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<!--引入侧边栏;传入参数-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='main.html')"></div>

子页面:

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<!-- sidebar -->
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#"
th:href="@{main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="24" height="24"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
stroke-width="2" s
troke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
...
</ul>
</div>
</nav>

3.4 添加操作

添加页面:

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<form th:action="@{addEmployee}" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="name">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="name@163.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label"></label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label"></label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<!-- 提交的是部门的id -->
<option th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept: ${departments}"
th:text="${dept.departmentName}">
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</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="2020/01/01">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;

2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;

日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;

2017-12-12—-Date; 类型转换,格式化;

默认日期是按照/的方式;

3.5 修改操作

修改添加二合一表单

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<!-- 需要区分员工修改还是添加 -->
<form th:action="${employee!=null}?@{updateEmployee}:@{addEmployee}" method="post">
<!-- 发送put请求修改原数据 -->
<!--
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
2、页面创建一个post表单
3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
-->
<!-- th:if="${employee!=null}"修改页面采用put方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${employee!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${employee!=null}" th:value="${employee.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="name"
th:value="${employee!=null}?${employee.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="name@163.com"
th:value="${employee!=null}?${employee.email}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"
th:checked="${employee!=null}?${employee.gender}==1">
<label class="form-check-label"></label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"
th:checked="${employee!=null}?${employee.gender}==0">
<label class="form-check-label"></label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<!-- 提交的是部门的id -->
<option th:selected="${employee!=null}?${dept.id == employee.department.id}"
th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept: ${departments}"
th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="2020/01/01"
th:value="${employee!=null}?${#dates.format(employee.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${employee!=null}?'修改':'添加'">
</button>
</form>

3.6 删除操作

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<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
<h2><a class="btn btn-sm btn-success" th:href="@{addEmployeePage}">添加员工</a></h2>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped table-sm">
...
<tbody>
<tr th:each="emp: ${employees}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/employee/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
<!-- <form th:action="@{/employee/}+${emp.id}" method="post">-->
<!-- <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>-->
<!-- <button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">删除</button>-->
<!-- </form>-->
<!-- th:attr自定义标签属性 -->
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/employee/}+${emp.id}"
class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">
删除
</button>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</main>
<!-- 将表单放在里面,每个删除按钮就会有个表单,放在外面简洁 -->
<form id="deleteEmpForm" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
</form>

<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//删除当前员工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
</script>

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